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18-0089 – HIV continues to be a serious global public health issue and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral therapy remains effective at controlling the virus and preventing transmission to other people. Antiretroviral drugs are used in the prevention and treatment of HIV and are often used in combination to combat against resistance to any one... Read More
20-0159 – This educational software was developed by faculty in the UNC Adams School of Dentistry and the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, to help facilitate remote learning and schedule flexibility for the pre-clinical education of removable partial dentures. The RPD Design software is available for licensing for educational use, by clicking the appropriate link on the right. Included in the... Read More
20-0160 – This educational software was developed by faculty in the UNC Adams School of Dentistry and the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, to help facilitate remote learning and schedule flexibility for the pre-clinical education of dental anatomy. The Anatomy Builder software is available for licensing for educational use, by clicking the appropriate link on the right. Modules included with... Read More
21-0062 – This virtual educational seminar series was created by clinicians from the UNC Adams School of Dentistry. The seminars are well suited to complement the local anesthesia coursework and existing texts, such as Malamed’s Handbook of Local Anesthesia, that are taught in Dental Hygiene, Dental Assisting, Dental Student, Medical Student, or Clinical Graduate Training programs. The individual... Read More
21-0069 – This virtual educational seminar series was created by clinicians from the UNC Adams School of Dentistry. The seminars are well suited to complement the coursework for anesthesia with nitrous oxide or benzodiazepines that are taught in Dental Hygiene, Dental Assisting, Dental Student, Medical Student, or Clinical Graduate Training programs. The individual seminars can be viewed alone or in... Read More
20-0152 – Background Urine is produced continuously by the kidneys and then travels to the bladder where it is stored until the complex process of voiding occurs. The first step that occurs during normal voiding is a coordination between the muscles and nerves of the bladder and the central nervous system, to sense a full bladder, and then signal the simultaneous relaxation and contraction of specific... Read More
20-0158 – L-lactate is an important biomarker for clinical diagnostics, fitness monitoring in athletes, and food quality control. In clinical settings, such as surgery, L-lactate concentration is measured to diagnosis lactic acidosis, which can be caused by tissue hypoxia, drugs, toxins, or other underlying diseases, such as liver disease, respiratory distress, or sepsis. Additionally, elevated... Read More
19-0083 – Background Vulvodynia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by vulva burning and soreness in the absence of a skin condition, infection, or external factors. Vestibulodynia is specifically pain felt on touch at the opening of the vagina, otherwise symptoms are absent. Pain is commonly described with insertion of a tampon or vaginal penetration, such as with sexual intercourse. It is... Read More
17-0085 – Background Neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with motor impairment. This loss of motor control produces gait and postural disorders and often results in falls and loss of ambulation. Unfortunately, these indications are also commonly observed in elderly people. Pharmacological treatments remain the most common... Read More
20-0034 – Background Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition that damages the optic nerve leading to vision loss or blindness. The primary treatable risk factor for glaucoma patients is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP is measured regularly in eye exams to screen, diagnose and assess treatment responses for glaucoma. Current devices used by ophthalmologists to measure IOP, such as the Goldman... Read More
20-0102 – Background Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix and can attach to each other or to surfaces, including a patient’s skin or soft tissue, or an implanted medical device, such as a catheter. Microorganisms that make up biofilms can include bacteria, fungi, and protists. Biofilms are prevalent in many infections and are resistant to... Read More
19-0045 – Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a method for delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier to the brain and central nervous system. CED can be used to treat various disease, including brain tumors, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease, and is generally characterized as a minimally invasive technique. While CED has shown some promise in clinical applications, the current... Read More
16-0078 – Background Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that utilizes radiolabeled tracers to aid in disease diagnosis for oncology, neurology, cardiology, and infectious diseases. PET imaging allows for detailed characterization of physiological processes, such as metabolism and blood flow. Most often PET is utilized by oncologists for cancer diagnosis and identification... Read More
18-0024 – Periodontal disease results in a loss of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, and is a major contributor to tooth loss in adults. It is estimated that nearly 50% of the adult population in the United States is affected by periodontal disease. Experimental animal models for periodontal disease are essential for understanding the origin and evolution of the pathology in humans and are... Read More
20-0104 – Current ultrasound-based systems are not able to differentiate between malignant or benign breast lesions, which is an important aspect of early breast cancer screening. Early screening and identification of malignant tissue is important for patients to benefit from successful treatments. Researchers in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC Chapel Hill have developed an ultrasound... Read More
20-0010 – Diagnosis of a disease using non-invasive biomarkers is a much safer alternative compared to surgical methods. Non-invasive biomarkers also accelerate the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients. Researchers in the Department of Biomedical Engineering have developed a method, termed Quantitative Viscoelastic Response (QVisR) ultrasound, to quantitatively assess underlying tissue... Read More
20-0015 – Palpation is a simple strategy for diagnosis that has remained a powerful tool in the modern age. In applications such as cardiac massaging, identification of cysts, or self-examination in the breast and testes, the viscoelastic nature of human tissue has long been exploited as a method to identify signs for formalized medical examinations. However, traditional palpation is limited to... Read More
20-0042 – Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), occurs when there is an enlarged portion of the abdominal aorta, and accounts for approximately 10,000 deaths per year in the United States. Current treatments include surgical intervention or minimally invasive laparoscopic repair. However, the AAA can rupture, and the patient will not survive surgery or sometimes even reach the hospital. There are... Read More
20-0070 – Background Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and severe condition with severe, and often fatal, consequences. Despite remarkable therapeutic advancements over the last thirty years, mortality rates remain as high as 40%. Current therapies largely target the major regulatory pathways involved in vascular tone. These therapies are associated with considerable limitations such as, a short... Read More
20-0036 – Pulmonary fibrosis affects is a progressive, inflammatory and fibro-proliferative lung disease and affects approximately 200,000 patients in the United States. The disease causes a change in the micro-architecture of the lung, such as thickening of the alveolar walls and the formation of patchy scars. Conventional uses of lung ultrasound in these patients is based on a standardized set of... Read More
19-0061 – Background Quantification of tissue properties, such as the T1 and T2 relaxation times, in the human body through quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, is desired for clinical applications and research areas. Compared to qualitative imaging techniques, quantitative imaging can provide more accurate and unbiased information of a patient and make it easier to objectively compare different... Read More
17-0036 – Background Currently, a wide array of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols are pre-defined for different diseases. For example, in neurological diseases, there are protocols for epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, etc. Under each disease category, the protocols are further divided into pediatric or adult patients, and each protocol consists of a collection of MRI sequences aiming to... Read More
20-0058 – Background Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is used to quantify brain tissue microenvironments and obtain accurate estimates of axonal orientations for tractography by utilizing the characteristics of the molecular diffusion of water. Precise acquisition of dMRI images requires probing water molecules in multiple diffusion scales and directions, which consequently increases acquisition time. Increased... Read More
20-0060 – Background Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is highly prone to motion artifacts, which is difficult to prevent in the case of pediatric patients. Improving image quality and removing artifacts retrospectively using supervised learning, requires the generation of paired data, consisting of images with and without artifacts of the same subject. Explicit generation of such images is... Read More
17-0124 – A tensegrity wheel capable of being steered simply by applying force, has been developed. Terrestrial, long distance travel, either on Earth or a celestial body, benefits from overall weight reduction. Tensegrity structures are inherently lightweight and can facilitate weight reduction. The tensegrity wheel invented at UNC Chapel Hill is of much simpler design than previously disclosed... Read More
18-0123 – Thrombosis, or pathologic blood clot formation, causes many vascular diseases. UNC researchers have developed a new method for using ultrasound to dissolve blood clots which improves on existing thrombosis treatment practices. The technique combines ultrasound with use of nanodroplets which convert from liquid to gas when exposed to ultrasound energy. This phase change enhances the disruption... Read More
18-0152 – A nanodrug delivery system has been developed which precisely targets controlled immunotherapeutics to the atherosclerotic niche. This system is comprised of therapeutic peptides tethered to nanofibers which self-assemble from peptide amphiphiles. These complexes are targeted specifically to atherosclerotic lesions. In addition to its specificity, the nanofiber-based delivery system stands... Read More
18-0167 – Background Osteoporosis is a chronic disease associated with a decrease in bone strength and increase in bone fractures, which lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide, which includes more than 40 million people over the age of 50 in the US alone, accounting for 55% of this age group. There are several... Read More
18-0136 – Cortical oscillations are associated with key cognitive functions and show impairment in many psychiatric disorders. They are most effectively measured using direct cortical stimulation (DCS) in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). A new algorithm has been developed to remove artifacts caused by DCS when recording iEEG signal. This technique, which has been validated on simulated and... Read More
17-0028 – Labeled Positron Emmision Tomography (PET) imaging tracers have been developed which can easily screen tumors for responsiveness to specific immunotherapies. This low-cost screening method prevents application of costly immunotherapy to non-responsive tumors. These novel tracers are also relevant to serotonin pathways important in diabetes and neurophysiology. Advantages: Related... Read More
12-0104 – Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound is a tissue imaging method where a short duration impulse (on the order of microseconds) of relatively high acoustic energy is transmitted into the body. The tissue’s response in terms of its peak displacement and subsequent recovery from displacement is used as an indicator of the tissue’s mechanical properties. The use of ARFI for... Read More
18-0031 – Endodontic infections result from a variety of bacteria and require treatment, which can include tooth extraction. The severity of infection can lead to hospital stay, morbidity, and even mortality, if not cared for properly. Though antibiotics are ideal, some bacteria have developed a resistance, as a result of antibiotic use in both medicine and dentisty. Tigecycline is a promising... Read More
17-0050 – A novel system that provides targeted and personalized brain stimulation to increase sleep spindle oscillations to alleviate deficiencies in higher order cognitive function, allowing for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological impairments. This technology is cloud infrastructure to support transcranial current stimulation device.
17-0051 – A novel system that provides targeted and personalized brain stimulation to increase sleep spindle oscillations to alleviate deficiencies in higher order cognitive function, allowing for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological impairments. This technology is the firmware written to control transcranial current stimulation device. This piece of software controls the delivery and... Read More
17-0062 – Ultrasound imaging at high frame rates (50 Hz or greater) is reliant on plane-wave transmission. Unfortunately, high frame rate imaging is not conducive with compounding, or averaging, of different acoustic signals to improve image quality. With every ultrasound transmit being devoted to image quality, that is one transmission being lost for analysis of temporal changes in the image. As the... Read More
16-0010 – Research in understanding the role thalamo-cortical oscillations, like sleep spindles, play in cortical network dynamics and cognitive processes in humans has been impeded due to a lack of tools to monitor and selectively enhance rhythmic brain activity in real-time. Further, current treatment options for these disease aim only to help prolong functional capabilities and slow symptom... Read More
16-0098 – Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a technique that utilizes ultrasound to characterize the viscoelastic property of tissue. It is understood that certain organ systems have directionally dependent characteristics (property known as anisotropy). Disease progression may change the mechanical response of tissue, and the ability to measure these changes along multiple axes is... Read More
16-0141 – There is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms at work during a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Though brain motion has been extensively linked to TBI, direct quantifiable measurements are absent, which could aid in progressing understanding and diagnosis of TBI. The Pinton lab has developed an ultrasonic method for detecting the motion of the brain, at frame rates as high as 10,000 images... Read More
16-0170 – Background Periodontal diseases are common throughout the US population, with estimates between 50% - 90% of the population affected. Current clinical definitions of periodontal disease currently are based on experts’ decisions of what constitutes health, and various levels of disease, rather than allowing patterns of disease drawn from data to classify patients into mutually exclusive groups... Read More
08-0050 – Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound is a tissue imaging method where a short duration impulse (on the order of microseconds) of relatively high acoustic energy is transmitted into the body. The tissue’s response in terms of its peak displacement and subsequent recovery from displacement is used as an indicator of the tissue’s mechanical properties. The use of ARFI for... Read More
18-0015 – Intestinal obstruction can result from a variety of medical problems, including gastric outlet obstruction, chronic ulcers, and cancer of the stomach or pancreas, and it leads to impaired or blocked digestion of food, numerous gastrointestinal symptoms, and malnutrition. A common solution to these cases is to bypass the obstruction by creating a connection between the stomach and the small... Read More
17-0159 – Background Naturally occurring neurosteroids, such as pregnenolone and allopregnanolone, have shown protection against alcohol use disorder, depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and other neuropsychiatric disorders in animal models, however the mechanism of this protection is not well characterized. These disorders affect a large portion of the... Read More
16-0137 – New materials for dental restoration, such as resin-based composite, have gained popularity over more traditional amalgam in dental practice. However, the existing hand-held carving tools in the market are not designed for carving modern fillings in the finishing process of dental restorations, which leads to higher failure rates, recurrent cavities, and patient injury. Researchers from the... Read More
12-0071 – No summary available
17-0128 – Potentiators of tobramycin against S. aureus have been developed to combat the highly tolerant nature of S. aureus to commonly used antibiotics. We have discovered certain rhamnolipids that, when administered to S. aureus, can facilitate the uptake of tobramycin, leading to a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tobramycin, and an increase in its anti-biofilm activity.... Read More
16-0019 – This novel method automatically segments male pelvic organs from CT images with robustness to initialization that achieves better results than current deformable models, and could greatly enhance the accuracy of pelvic segmentation consequently preventing more accurate radiotherapy treatments to patients. Segmenting pelvic organs is a prerequisite for prostate cancer radiotherapy, as the... Read More
14-0030 – A surgically implantable bioreactor that induces either chondrogenesis (cartilage development) or osteogenesis (formation of bone) from mesenchymal stem cells has been developed. In vitro studies in which vibratory signals were provided to both human and porcine mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated that at lower frequencies the cells differentiate into a cartilage phenotype, and will... Read More
11-0078 – An innovative method has been developed to isolate very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) from peripheral blood with greater yields than previous methods. VESLs are small, pluripotent stem cells isolated from bone marrow and peripheral blood, and these cells can be propagated for several months without losing their molecular identity. While the exact identity of these cells remains... Read More
09-0108 – Screening methods for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) using E-cadherin as a biomarker has been developed. Support for this method is provided by comparative analysis of clinical samples from patients with GERD and patients with a healthy esophagus. The product of E-cadherin cleavage is detectable in plasma and at higher levels in GERD patients than controls, thus yielding its possible... Read More
09-0120 – A novel, custom software has been developed that detects reflected displacement waves, which are caused during Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) ultrasound imaging, for visualization via parametric images. Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) ultrasound imaging exploits the mechanical properties of tissues to differentiate tissue structure and composition. Each ARF excitation induces displacement wave... Read More